P24A - Organic and mineral fertilizers

This experiment has been added by the GLTEN Curators using existing published sources.
Local identifier
P24A
Years operational
1976—
Objective
To evaluate effects of different organic and mineral fertilizers on a 6 year crop rotation
Data Access Statement
Don't know
Data license
Don't know
Data policy
Don't know
Organization
Agroscope
research organisation
People

Site: P24A Changins

Type
research station field
Location
Changins
Switzerland
Geographic location
46.398811, 6.2402
+−
© OpenStreetMap contributors
Elevation
442 Metres
Visits permitted?
No
History
Prior to establishment of the experiment one year of winter wheat was sown as a buffer crop.
Management
Soil was always ploughed to 20–25 cm depth, and the seedbed was prepared with a rotary harrow to 5 cm depth. Herbicides were applied as necessary. P and K are applied optimally following national guidelines.
Soil type
cambisol
Soil description
Soil is a Calcaric cambisol.
Soil properties
VariableDepthValue (range)UnitsRef yearEstimated?Baseline?
clay content0 – 20 Centimetres143 gram per kilogram
sand content0 – 20 Centimetres475 gram per kilogram
soil pH0 – 20 Centimetres7.2
soil organic carbon0 – 20 Centimetres11.5 gram per kilogram
Climate description
Since 1965 average temperatures have increased 1.8 oC.
Climate properties
VariableTime periodValue (range)Units
precipitation 1965 – 2017 1000 (650 – 1400) millimeter
air temperature 1965 – 2017 10.2 (9 – 11.5) degree Celsius

Design period: (1976—)

Design Type
Split-plot
Design description
The experiment has a split-plot design with six main organic treatments and four sub-treatments of mineral nitrogen fertilization replicated four times. Plots measure 4.5 x 20m.
Number of plots
96
Number of replicates
4
Number of harvests per year
1
Crops
CropYears grown
maize
winter wheat
spring barley
rapeseed
spring oats
Crop Rotation
Unnamed
  • 1
    maize
  • 2
    winter wheat
  • 3
    spring barley
  • 4
    rapeseed
    winter sown
  • 5
    spring oats
  • 6
    winter wheat
Factors
Factor name
Factor levels
natural fertilizer exposure
Rapeseed and maize residues are left and incorporated for all plots.
Min
No amendments except rapeseed and maize residues
green manure
Application frequency: Every 2 years
Chemical form: mustard
Mustard (Brassica juncea) was sown as green manure every 2 years after summer harvests and was incorporated into the soil by ploughing before sowing the spring crop in the following year.
cereal straw
Chemical form: straw
Cereal straw left and incorporated into the soil with shallow stubble cultivation (10–15 cm). Cereal straw is removed from all other plots.
Ma35  (35 t/ha)
Application frequency: Every 3 years
Chemical form: cattle manure
Spread before rapeseed and maize.
Ma70  (70 t/ha)
Application frequency: Every 3 years
Chemical form: cattle manure
Spread before rapeseed and maize.
slurry  (60 m3/ha)
Application frequency: Every 3 years
Chemical form: slurry
Before 1994 applied every year.
nitrogen fertilizer exposure
none  (0 )
Normal -
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
Recommendation reduced by 40 kg N-ha
Normal
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
Recommended N according to Swiss national guidelines
Normal +
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
Recommendation increased by 40 kg N-ha
Measurements
VariableMaterialUnitsFrequencyScaleComment
grain yield traitNot specified
soil fertilityNot specified
shoot system yield traitNot specified

Related publications

  • Maltas, A, Kebli, H, Oberholzer, HR, Weisskopf, P, Sinaj, S. The effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on carbon sequestration, soil properties, and crop yields from a long-term field experiment under a Swiss conventional farming system. Land Degrad Dev. 2018; 29: 926– 938.
  • Sonja G. Keel, Thomas Anken, Lucie Büchi, Andreas Chervet, Andreas Fliessbach, René Flisch, Olivier Huguenin-Elie, Paul Mäder, Jochen Mayer, Sokrat Sinaj, Wolfgang Sturny, Chloé Wüst-Galley, Urs Zihlmann, Jens Leifeld, 2019. Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
  • Sinaj S. & Jeangros B, 2019. Préserver la durabilité des systèmes de grande culture: bilan de 50 ans d'essais à Changins. Recherche Agronomique Suisse